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A MUSING ON AI FUNDING

OpenEvidence’s $12 billion funding round and the future of medical super intelligence

The rumored round by OpenEvidence was announced this week, with the company raising $150 million at a $12 billion valuation, led by Thrive Capital and DST Global. It has now reached an annual revenue run rate of $100 million, only a handful of months after commercialization via ads on the platform.

OpenEvidence shared at JPMorgan earlier this monththat its platform had 17.9 million clinical consults in December 2025, up from 2.6 million per month in December 2024. It’s an incredible growth trajectory for a healthcare company that does seem to be reaching verb status among clinicians. Its funding trajectory has been equally incredible — over the past year, OpenEvidence has raised ~$635 million across four funding rounds while its valuation has increased 12x. Here are the previous rounds:

If you’re Sequoia Capital and you led the Series A in February, your $75 million investment has grown to something close to $1 billion in the course of a year. Needless to say, I am sure they are thrilled with OpenEvidence. If you’re OpenEvidence CEO Daniel Nadler and still own 58% of the company, I imagine you’re even happier.

The valuation question is a fascinating one here, which I’ll dive deeper into below. For investors in this Series D round at a $12 billion valuation, they must see a path for OpenEvidence to become a $50+ billion business, and at least some chance of it becoming a $100+ billion business.

It’s worth noting that OpenEvidence’s biggest competitor, Doximity, is currently generating ~$620 million in annual revenue and has a market cap of around $7.5 billion. The entire healthcare digital advertising market in the US is estimated at $26 billion in spending. Point being, in order for new investors to see returns here, it seems OpenEvidence will need to redefine the market entirely.

✍ Going Deeper

The Medical Superintelligence Narrative

The most interesting part of its funding round to me is that it lays this foundation for the next phase of OpenEvidence’s vision, centered on building medical superintelligence. The press release describes it as follows:

Nadler also articulated this idea during his presentation at JPMorgan last week. As I heard it, it sounds a lot like a digital twin of the Mayo Clinic — AI models that are best-in-class in each specialty, each working together to answer challenging questions from physicians.

It’s not hard to imagine why this narrative has investors frothing at the mouth — imagine an oncologist in rural Georgia being able to immediately tap into the knowledge of the equivalent of all of the best specialists in the world via OpenEvidence. Theoretically, it seems like a good way to rewire the healthcare system from the ground up.

I am by no means the world’s foremost AI expert, but it doesn’t seem that crazy to me that this will be feasible from a tech perspective in the next few years. What I am much more skeptical of is the business model behind it.

OpenEvidence’s Business Today: Selling Provider Attention

While it is certainly an appealing vision, it is also a giant leap from where the business is today — a company that has rapidly grown to $100 million in revenue by selling physicians' attention to pharmaceutical manufacturers.

I came across this quote, which I think nicely summarizes the dynamics at play here as OpenEvidence has rapidly grown to $100 million in revenue:

❝

It is a unique market, unlike any I have seen before. You have a drug industry that spends $14 billion a year to influence people who prescribe drugs. There are only 600,000 people who are allowed to prescribe drugs, so there is $14 billion spent against 600,000 people. There are all these rules around how they can spend the money. They cannot just give them money. If you have a channel to reach these physicians, it is a gold mine.

The plot twist here: that quote was from a 2009 interview with Epocrates CEO Kirk Loevner about the opportunity in front of Epocrates. If you go back 25 years, there are many similarities in the narrative arcs between Epocrates and OpenEvidence here — new technology emerges that gives physicians an easier way to access vast amounts of information to improve clinical care. Twenty-five years ago, that new technology was a PalmPilot. Today, that technology is AI. In both cases, it’s a more efficient way for a clinician to access information. To encourage adoption, you offer it for free and monetize providers' attention using the tool. As Loevner said, it’s a gold mine.

The Epocrates journey also hints at the challenges that inevitably come ahead for OpenEvidence. Presumably, the reason pharma is so happy to spend billions a year on advertising to providers is that there is an ROI from those ads. The tension there is obvious, and Epocrates started facing issues as a public company around this. It tried to build out other product offerings, including an EHR, but stumbled badly before eventually being acquired by athenahealth in 2012.

That journey highlights why I don’t think this is a question of technological capabilities, but rather one of trust. If you’re a cancer doctor in rural Georgia, and you know this platform is serving you up ads from oncology manufacturers, are you really going to trust it as your “default operating system of medical knowledge” when trying to answer challenging medical questions about your patients? I really don’t think so. Humans are going to be what slows down OpenEvidence, not the technology.

This is why I think the more challenging question for OpenEvidence ahead is not a technology question, but rather a business model innovation question. Its current model is enabling its rapid growth, but it seems to suffer from a fundamental misalignment with its broader vision. The organizational design is wrong. So while it seems there is a clear pathway to building the AI-era version of Doximity, that business will inevitably look a lot like Doximity today, generating hundreds of millions in revenue by selling providers' attention.

Look no further than OpenEvidence’s commercial team for evidence of this, most of whom have been poached from Doximity over the last twelve months, presumably to leverage their preexisting commercial relationships with a small set of pharma buyers. While that seems like a logical move in a red-ocean strategy to take revenue from a competitor, it doesn’t strike me as a move you make if you’re building a new form of medical superintelligence.

For investors in this OpenEvidence round, by definition, they’re going to disagree with my take there, and I think it’s interesting to unpack that more using a famous previous debate about valuations.

Open Evidence & the Gurley-Damodaran Debate on Valuation

OpenEvidence’s rapid ascent reminds me of the famous valuation debate between Aswath Damodaran and Bill Gurley a decade ago. Damodaran and Gurley went back and forth over Uber’s valuation after it had raised funding at a $18 billion valuation in June 2014. Damodaran, a professor who wrote the book on DCFs, argued that Uber was significantly overvalued based on his analysis, suggesting that $6 billion was more appropriate. Gurley, who was on the board of Uber, argued that Damodaran missed the point — Uber was significantly undervalued in ways that wouldn’t show up in a DCF as its offering allowed it to fundamentally redefine the market. It was a really great, civil public debate on the topic.

Given Uber’s market cap today sits around $170 billion, it seems clear that Gurley saw something that Damodaran didn’t. I think it’s interesting to apply a similar lens to OpenEvidence when thinking about all of this.

I recognize I fall in the Damodaran camp when it comes to OpenEvidence — I don’t see the path to the market opportunity that the investors here must see. It strikes me that the best case scenario for these investors is a Livongo or Oak Street-esque exit at the top of the market to a large player desperate for a strategic move in healthcare. And if Nadler’s texts to Doximity’s sales team are any indication, that seems to be his plan as well. Given the Doximity / OpenEvidence legal spat that is playing out in the courts, we can see some of these texts where he shares his plans to retire in the next 2 - 3 years.

None of the above strikes me as the behavior of a leader attempting to fundamentally change how people access care.

I’d be curious to know where the community lands on this OpenEvidence valuation question—what do you think it will be worth in five years?

McKinsey’s Profit Pools

If you’re someone attempting to read the tea leaves on where healthcare is going, I always think McKinsey’s profit pools analysis is one of the best places to start. They released their latest analysis last week, looking at where the industry is heading in 2026 and beyond. It paints a challenging near-term picture, ahead of opportunity in 2028 and 2029. It is particularly wild to see the chart below, looking at EBITDA across segments in 2027. If you look at the bottom left of the graph, you’ll see that Medicaid is projected to have a negative EBITDA value as an industry segment — the first time I can recall seeing such a dynamic in one of these charts.

Other Top Headlines

  • A group of payer CEOs were called to DC on Thursday to testify in front of both the Ways & Means Committee and the Energy and Commerce Health Subcommittee, discussing the drivers of healthcare costs in this country. The sessions were mostly a good reminder for me of the state of dialogue in Congress these days — high on political theater, low on substance. I’m not sure the insurance CEOs needed to be present for most of the sessions. It mostly felt like Republicans and Democrats arguing indirectly over the shortcomings of their respective healthcare efforts, mixed with a general animus toward vertical integration, while trying to generate sound bites for social media campaigns.

  • UnitedHealth Group CEO Steve Hemsley announced in his prepared remarks ahead of Thursday’s congressional testimony that UHC will voluntarily rebate any profits it generates from the ACA exchanges in 2026. As Martin mused about on Thursday in the Health Policy Briefing, this seems like an astute move for UHG as payors attempt to navigate the current political climate and path forward in the exchanges.

  • Amazon One Medical joined the AI announcement fray, sharing this week that it has launched an AI-powered health assistant. It feels inevitable that we’ll see a wave of me-too AI product launch announcements like this over the coming months as executive teams respond to market shifts in AI. I’m looking forward to the day, which I think will be here soon, when this is no longer news.

  • Healthier Capital announced the close of its initial $220 million fund. Healthier was founded by Amir Dan Rubin, best known for leading One Medical from 2017 to 2023, through its 2020 IPO and its 2022 acquisition by Amazon. It has already made a number of investments, including Hyro, Qualified Health, Ezra, and Zarminali Pediatrics, among others.

Funding Announcements

  • OpenEvidence, a ChatGPT for providers, raised $250 million at a $12 billion valuation. See the discussion above for more.

  • Zarminali Pediatrics, a pediatric care delivery model, raised $110 million. Healthier Capital, a fund co-founded by former One Medical CEO Amir Dan Rubin, led the round. Zarminali currently operates 28 clinics across eight states, and plans to open 15 de novo clinics in 2026, along with adding in existing practices via M&A. Seems like a big swing at a new national pediatrics brand, not too dissimilar from what One Medical did in the primary care market. Hospitalogy had a nice overview of Zarminali back in 2024.

  • AnswersNow, a virtual ABA platform, raised $40 million.

  • BrightInsight, a maker of companion apps for pharma, raised $13 million. The press release notes an example, the Patient App, which helps drive patient adherence with self-injected biologics made by Sanofi and Regeneron. Mayo Clinic, General Catalyst, Insight Partners, Eclipse, and New Leaf Venture Partners invested.

  • One to One Health, a on-site/virtual primary care model for employers, received a $12 million minority growth capital investment from Frist Cressey Ventures. The press release notes the model can save up to $4,000 per employee per year, which I’d be fascinated to see the math on. It currently works with 650 organizations and has 500,000 members.

  • Salvo Health, a care extender for GI conditions, raised $5 million. Salvo works with local providers to provide “wraparound care” for GI and metabolic liver conditions, enabling those providers to bill under RPM and CCM codes.

  • Claim Health, a revenue cycle platform for post-acute care, raised $4.4 million. Claim reports seeing 30x revenue growth in less than a year, with early customers including Ascend Health, Interim HealthCare, and Home Care RN seeing 50% reductions in admin workloads, 4x referral throughput increases, and 30% - 50% fewer preventable denials. Maverick Ventures led the round.

What I’m Reading

An Updated Analysis of Coding Pattern Differences in Medicare Advantage by Chris Klomp, Joe Albanese, Alec Aramanda, and John Brooks
This was a fascinating article to see this week, as leaders from the Center for Medicare discuss how v28 has already seemingly solved the problem of risk adjustment gaming in Medicare Advantage. The visual below does a nice job of articulating how much v28 impacted coding already.
Read more

State of Health AI 2026 by Sofia Guerra, Steve Kraus, Andrew Hedin, and Marla Jalbut
A good look at the AI healthcare landscape from the Bessemer crew.
Read more

Suki ROI Validations 2026 by KLAS
Speaking of the state of AI, I thought this was an interesting case study from KLAS on how Suki is being used at systems like Rush, with some eye-opening stats on revenue per provider increases and how Suki is driving “improved documentation and coding.” At McLeod Health, for established encounters, Suki is helping drive a 5% increase in Level 5 encounters, a 7.3% increase in Level 4 encounters, and a 18.2% reduction in Level 3 encounters. Given the current consternation around payer risk adjustment shenanigans, I fail to see how this behavior is much different.
Read more

Treatment of a teenager with an ultra-rare condition is a medical milestone by The Economist
A fascinating read on an effort in the UK to launch a trial attempting to approve n=1 drug treatments based on the process to develop the medicine. Seems like an interesting approach both to speed the approvals and reduce the cost of developing these drugs.
Read more

HTN Radio

Martin and I had fun chatting on Tuesday, talking about JPM, ACA enrollment, and more. I didn’t realize he was recording video of it, so please ignore my shark sweatshirt. Other recent recordings from us if you prefer listening to reading:

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